Cats have
a highly developed sense of touch. Most obviously, they have 24 vibrissae, or
whiskers, grouped in 4 sets on each side of the nose. The whiskers on the face
are called mystacials and the top rows can move independently from the lower
rows. The whiskers above the eyebrows are called superciliary whiskers. There
are also whiskers on the backs of a cat’s front legs associated with the
accessory carpal gland. All these thick hairs, about 2 times thicker than the
rest of a cat’s fur, and rooted 3 times deeper in the skin, are surrounded at
the base by bundles of nerve receptors that send messages to a special area of
the brain called the barrel cortex. There, the nerve signals create a
3-D map of the spatial environment based on a cat’s touch in a way very similar
to the visual cortex’s map of the visual environment.
Cats’
whiskers also help them judge distances – from planning and executing aerial
acrobatics to deciding if they will fit through small openings, and they are
also a measure of a cat’s mood. Whiskers that are perked forward and spread
widely apart communicate that a cat is alert and interested in the environment,
possibly aggressive. Whiskers that are relaxed and positioned slightly downward
indicate that the cat is feeling passive. Whiskers that are plastered back
against the cat’s face indicate anger.
Cats
can’t see directly underneath their noses, but they can spread their whiskers
forward around their nose to form a “basket” that identifies the location of
objects the cat can’t see – such as that tasty treat you just offered her.
Subtle changes in air movement that move the whiskers as little as 1/200th
the width of a human hair can also help alert cats to prey they can’t see.
Rexes and Sphynx breeds tend to have very short, curly whiskers |
Interestingly,
it seems that many cats prefer to eat off of a flat or very wide, shallow dish
instead of a deep, high-sided bowl because the flat dish does not interfere
with their whiskers. This seems to be especially true of cats that are not
feeling well.
The places on your cat's body that are most touch-sensitive are the face and the front paws. These parts of the body are your cat’s most important hunting tools.
The places on your cat's body that are most touch-sensitive are the face and the front paws. These parts of the body are your cat’s most important hunting tools.
Also,
cats tend to develop surface texture preferences for everything – from litter
to scratching posts, to beds. Pay careful attention to what your cat tells you
– if she is not using the litter box, perhaps she doesn’t like the feel of
wheat litter. If she likes to scratch on your nylon duffel bag instead of her
carpet-covered scratching post, perhaps a sisal-rope post that has a little
rougher texture to it would be a welcome change.
In addition to the ability to sense
distance, movement and texture, cats are born with a highly developed sense of
temperature sense. In the first 10 to 14 days of a kitten's life, they learn to
navigate by differences in temperature. Heat receptors at the tip of a kitten’s
nose detects variation in temperature as small as 0.9 degrees F, which helps
the sightless infant navigate towards its mother and siblings.
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